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Now showing items 41-50 of 102
Causes and Timing of Mortality and Morbidity Among Late Presenters Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in the REALITY Trial.
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2018-03-04)
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, 20%-25% of people starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) have severe immunosuppression; approximately 10% die within 3 months. In the Reduction of EArly mortaLITY (REALITY) randomized ...
Head circumferences of children born to HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers in Zimbabwe during the preantiretroviral therapy era
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2016-09-24)
Objectives: To describe the head growth of children according to maternal and child
HIV infection status.
Design: Longitudinal analysis of head circumference data from 13 647 children
followed from birth in the ZVITAMBO ...
Late Presentation With HIV in Africa: Phenotypes, Risk, and Risk Stratification in the REALITY Trial.
(Oxford University Press, 2018-03-04)
Background: Severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have high mortality shortly after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated predictors of early mortality and "late ...
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation and immune responses to oral polio vaccine in Zimbabwean infants.
(2018-12-20)
Background: Micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to reduced oral vaccine immunogenicity in developing countries. We hypothesised that neonatal vitamin A supplementation (NVAS) would improve oral vaccine responses. ...
Children With Noncritical Infections Have Increased Intestinal Permeability, Endotoxemia and Altered Innate Immune Responses
(Wolters Kluwer Health Inc., 2019-07)
BACKGROUND:
Children with critical illness have increased intestinal permeability and a period of immunoparalysis, mediated by elevated circulating endotoxin. Whether children with less severe infections have similar ...
Transmission of CMV, HTLV-1, and HIV through breastmilk
(Elsevier, 2019-03-14)
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. Breastfeeding is a crucial child survival intervention. However, the potential for transmission of viral infections from mother to child presents the dilemma of how best to interpret the benefits and ...
Comparison of two mycobacterial strains in performance of the whole blood mycobacterial growth inhibition assay in Indian children.
(2022-12)
A major challenge in tuberculosis is identifying correlates of a protective immune response. The Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition Assay (MGIA) is a functional assay providing an integrated measure of the host immune response ...
Postdischarge interventions for children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
(2021-01-30)
BACKGROUND: Children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have poor long-term outcomes following discharge, with high rates of mortality, morbidity, and impaired neurodevelopment. There is currently minimal ...
Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and improved complementary feeding on early neurodevelopment among children born to HIV-negative mothers in rural Zimbabwe: Substudy of a cluster-randomized trial.
(2019-03)
BACKGROUND: Globally, nearly 250 million children (43% of all children under 5 years of age) are at risk of compromised neurodevelopment due to poverty, stunting, and lack of stimulation. We tested the independent and ...