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    Potential for use of retinoic acid as an oral vaccine adjuvant. 
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    Potential for use of retinoic acid as an oral vaccine adjuvant.

    Volume
    370
    Publisher
    The Royal Society
    DOI
    10.1098/rstb.2014.0145
    Issue
    1671
    ISSN
    0080-4622
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Despite the heavy burden of diarrhoeal disease across much of the tropical world, only two diarrhoea-causing pathogens, cholera and rotavirus, are the target of commercially available vaccines. Oral vaccines are generally less immunogenic than the best parenteral vaccines, but the reasons for this are still debated. Over the past decade, several lines of evidence from work in experimental animals have suggested that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a form of vitamin A which is highly transcriptionally active, can alter the homing receptor expression of T lymphocytes. Increased expression of α4β7 integrin and the chemokine receptor CCR9 following exposure to ATRA can be used to redirect T cells to the gut. Early work in human volunteers suggests that oral ATRA administration 1 h prior to dosing with oral typhoid vaccine can augment secretion of specific IgA against vaccine-derived lipopolysaccharide into gut secretions. In this review, we set out the rationale for using ATRA in this way and assess its likely applicability to vaccination programmes for protection of children in low-income countries from the considerable mortality caused by diarrhoeal disease. Comparison of recent work in experimental animals, non-human primates and men suggests that a more detailed understanding of ATRA dosage and kinetics will be important to taking forward translational work into human vaccinology.
    Authors
    Mwanza-Lisulo, M; Kelly, P
    URI
    http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9911
    Collections
    • Centre for Immunobiology [1029]
    Language
    ENG
    Copyright statements
    This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mwanza-Lisulo, Mpala, and Paul Kelly. "Potential for use of retinoic acid as an oral vaccine adjuvant." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 370.1671 (2015): 20140145. APA, which has been published in final form at http://10.1098/rstb.2014.0145. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
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