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dc.contributor.authorPadovan, MGen_US
dc.contributor.authorWhitehouse, Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorGouveia, Nen_US
dc.contributor.authorHabermann, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorGrigg, Jen_US
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-13T13:20:47Z
dc.date.available2017-11-05en_US
dc.date.issued2017en_US
dc.date.submitted2018-03-13T13:14:04.039Z
dc.identifier.other10.1371/journal.pone.0188237
dc.identifier.urihttp://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/34990
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVES: We therefore sought to identify the exposures associated with lung surface in long-term residents of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Lung surface carbon were analyzed in 72 autopsy specimens by image analysis. Smoking history, measured PM10 nearest to the home, distance to main road, and distance-weighted traffic density were used as exposure variables. Data are summarized as median (IQR), and compared by Mann Whitney Test, with correlations done by Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: There was no association between lung surface and age or gender. There was no statistically significant association in lung surface between smokers and non-smokers 6.74 cm2 (3.47 to 10.02) versus 5.20cm2 (2.29 to 7.54), and there was no significant association between lung surface carbon and exposure to environmental PM and markers of traffic exposure. CONCLUSION: We did not find a statistically significant association between lung surface and smokers and non-smokers, and no statistically significant association between lung surface carbon and environmental exposure variables. These results suggest that lung surface carbon in long-term residents of São Paulo may predominately be from environmental PM, but the most appropriate environmental exposure marker remains unclear.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level -or Education- Personnel), Brazil, grant number: 99999.010610/2014-06, http://www.capes.gov.br/, to MP.en_US
dc.format.extente0188237 - ?en_US
dc.languageengen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.relation.ispartofPLoS Oneen_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution License
dc.subjectAdulten_US
dc.subjectAgeden_US
dc.subjectAged, 80 and overen_US
dc.subjectAir Pollutantsen_US
dc.subjectAutopsyen_US
dc.subjectBrazilen_US
dc.subjectCarbonen_US
dc.subjectCigarette Smokingen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental Exposureen_US
dc.subjectFemaleen_US
dc.subjectHumansen_US
dc.subjectLungen_US
dc.subjectMacrophages, Alveolaren_US
dc.subjectMaleen_US
dc.subjectMiddle Ageden_US
dc.subjectParticulate Matteren_US
dc.subjectVehicle Emissionsen_US
dc.titleCarbonaceous particulate matter on the lung surface from adults living in São Paulo, Brazil.en_US
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.holder2017 Padovan et al.
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0188237en_US
pubs.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149218en_US
pubs.issue11en_US
pubs.notesNo embargoen_US
pubs.publication-statusPublished onlineen_US
pubs.volume12en_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2017-11-05en_US


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