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dc.contributor.authorChén, OYen_US
dc.contributor.authorPhan, Hen_US
dc.contributor.authorCao, Hen_US
dc.contributor.authorQian, Ten_US
dc.contributor.authorNagels, Gen_US
dc.contributor.authorde Vos, Men_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-17T14:10:13Z
dc.date.available2022-09-13en_US
dc.date.issued2022en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/82569
dc.description.abstractHaving previously seen an item helps uncover the item another time, given a perceptual or cognitive cue. Oftentimes, however, it may be difficult to quantify or test the existence and size of a perceptual or cognitive effect, in general, and a priming effect, in particular. This is because to examine the existence of and quantify the effect, one needs to compare two outcomes: the outcome had one previously seen the item vs. the outcome had one not seen the item. But only one of the two outcomes is observable. Here, we argue that the potential outcomes framework is useful to define, quantify, and test the causal priming effect. To demonstrate its efficacy, we apply the framework to study the priming effect using data from a between-subjects study involving English word identification. In addition, we show that what has been used intuitively by experimentalists to assess the priming effect in the past has a sound mathematical foundation. Finally, we examine the links between the proposed method in studying priming and the multinomial processing tree (MPT) model, and how to extend the method to study experimental paradigms involving exclusion and inclusion instructional conditions.en_US
dc.format.extent724498 - ?en_US
dc.languageengen_US
dc.relation.ispartofFront Psycholen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 United States*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/*
dc.subjectbetween-subjects studyen_US
dc.subjectcausal inferenceen_US
dc.subjectpotential outcomes frameworken_US
dc.subjectpriming effecten_US
dc.subjectsignificant testen_US
dc.subjectword fragment completion testen_US
dc.titleProbing potential priming: Defining, quantifying, and testing the causal priming effect using the potential outcomes framework.en_US
dc.typeArticle
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpsyg.2022.724498en_US
pubs.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36438320en_US
pubs.notesNot knownen_US
pubs.publication-statusPublished onlineen_US
pubs.volume13en_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2022-09-13en_US


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Attribution 3.0 United States
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 3.0 United States