Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019 Update From the GBD 2019 Study
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Volume
76
Pagination
2982 - 3021
Publisher
Publisher URL
DOI
10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
Issue
ISSN
0735-1097
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of
global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden,
including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the
Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide
comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data
sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204
countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.
Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to
285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths
steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to
19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also
increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to
34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen
steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to
9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in
2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133
to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95%
UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019.
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its
decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized
rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries.
There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world
is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality
due to noncommunicable diseases. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76:2982–3021) © 2020 The Authors. Published by
Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC
BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).