Development of a Radiopaque Infiltration Resin for Early Enamel Carious Lesion
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A white spot lesion (WSL) is defined as enamel porosity, which could be due to an
enamel defect or an initial carious lesion. ICON® resin is a resin infiltrant that
penetrates into the enamel porosity and seals the lesion, thus inhibiting the
progression of caries. This method is micro-invasive; however, the resin is
radiolucent and the clinician cannot detect the material using radiographs. In order
to develop a radiopaque resin, understanding the pore size and pore structure in
WSLs is helpful. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise: (1) the pore
size and structure, (2) the incorporation of radiopaque agents into ICON® resin.
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and focused ion beam-scanning electron
microscopy (FIB-SEM) were used to characterise the porosity in WSLs. The data
showed the enamel prisms become more pronounced in the advanced areas of the
WSLs and demineralisation occurs within or/and between the enamel prisms. The
pore size could be as small as an enamel crystallite, 28x48nm.
Nano-strontium hydroxyapatite (non-coated and coated) and strontium bioglass
were made as radiopaque fillers and characterised using different techniques
including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET, transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size measurements. The
radiopaque fillers had micron-sized particles, which made them unsuitable for
infiltration into WSLs despite their possible ability to remineralise the WSLs.
Radiopaque monomers including bromine-methacrylate and tin-methacrylate were
able to make ICON® resin radiopaque and they showed a similar viscosity,
wettability and biocompatibility compared to ICON® resin. The X-ray
microtomography (XMT) showed that the experimental radiopaque resins were
able to infiltrate into the WSLs, artificial and natural lesions, and they could be
detected using image subtraction. Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging after each
step of application of materials showed that the etching pattern and etchant gel
could be barriers for a successful infiltration of the resins into WSLs.
Authors
MOEINIAN, MaliheCollections
- Theses [4121]