Browsing Psychology by Subject "Humans"
Now showing items 1-20 of 71
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Adaptation of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning for use among infants aged 5- to 24-months in rural Gambia.
(Wiley, 2019-02-09)Infants in low-resource settings are at heightened risk for compromised cognitive development due to a multitude of environmental insults in their surroundings. However, the onset of adverse outcomes and trajectory of ... -
Assigning the right credit to the wrong action: compulsivity in the general population is associated with augmented outcome-irrelevant value-based learning.
(Nature Research, 2021-11-05)Compulsive behavior is enacted under a belief that a specific act controls the likelihood of an undesired future event. Compulsive behaviors are widespread in the general population despite having no causal relationship ... -
Attention modulates trans-saccadic integration.
(2018-01)With every saccade, humans must reconcile the low resolution peripheral information available before a saccade, with the high resolution foveal information acquired after the saccade. While research has shown that we are ... -
Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder.
(Wiley, 2022-05-10)BACKGROUND: Computational research had determined that adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display heightened action updating in response to noise in the environment and neglect metacognitive information (such ... -
Body weight distortions in an auditory-driven body illusion in subclinical and clinical eating disorders.
(2022-11-21)Previous studies suggest a stronger influence of visual signals on body image in individuals with eating disorders (EDs) than healthy controls; however, the influence of other exteroceptive sensory signals remains unclear. ... -
Can ancient and modern stressors be distinguished? A mixed-methods exploration of psychosocial characteristics and health symptoms in young and older adults.
(2022-03)A novel conceptualisation of stress includes a distinction between ancient (AS) and modern stressors (MS); the notion that established adaptive psychophysiological coping processes may enable individuals to better withstand ... -
Chimpanzee play sequences are structured hierarchically as games.
(2022)Social play is ubiquitous in the development of many animal species and involves players adapting actions flexibly to their own previous actions and partner responses. Play differs from other behavioural contexts for which ... -
Developmental prosopagnosia with concurrent topographical difficulties: A case report and virtual reality training programme.
(2019-09)Several neuropsychological case studies report brain-damaged individuals with concurrent impairments in face recognition (i.e., prosopagnosia) and topographical orientation. Recently, individuals with a developmental form ... -
Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference.
(eLife, 2021-12-09)Dopamine is implicated in representing model-free (MF) reward prediction errors a as well as influencing model-based (MB) credit assignment and choice. Putative cooperative interactions between MB and MF systems include a ... -
Effectiveness of a community-led shared book reading intervention in Syrian refugee children: a randomised controlled trial.
(Springer Nature, 2024-08-01)Community-led, shared book reading programs may help improve refugee children's reading abilities and attitudes towards reading. We Love Reading (WLR)-a light-touch, community-led, shared book reading program-was evaluated ... -
Efficiency and prioritization of inference-based credit assignment.
(Elsevier, 2021-07-12)Organisms adapt to their environments by learning to approach states that predict rewards and avoid states associated with punishments. Knowledge about the affective value of states often relies on credit assignment (CA), ... -
Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.
(2021-09-14)BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are handheld electronic vaping devices which produce an aerosol formed by heating an e-liquid. Some people who smoke use ECs to stop or reduce smoking, but some organizations, advocacy ... -
ERP markers are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 1-5 month old infants in rural Africa and the UK.
(2020-04-15)INTRODUCTION: Infants and children in low- and middle-income countries are frequently exposed to a range of poverty-related risk factors, increasing their likelihood of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. There is a need for ... -
Evidence integration and decision confidence are modulated by stimulus consistency.
(Nature Research, 2022-07)Evidence integration is a normative algorithm for choosing between alternatives with noisy evidence, which has been successful in accounting for vast amounts of behavioural and neural data. However, this mechanism has been ... -
Exploration heuristics decrease during youth.
(Springer Nature, 2022-10)Deciding between exploring new avenues and exploiting known choices is central to learning, and this exploration-exploitation trade-off changes during development. Exploration is not a unitary concept, and humans deploy ... -
Exploring the Interplay Between Message Format, Need for Cognition and Personal Relevance on Processing Messages About Physical Activity: a Two-Arm Randomized Experimental Trial.
(2023-06)BACKGROUND: According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, persuasion can occur via two different routes (the central route and peripheral route), with the route utilized dependent on factors associated with motivation and ... -
Exploring three levels of interoception in people with functional motor disorders.
(2021-05)INTRODUCTION: A three-level model of interoception has recently been defined. We aim to study the interoceptive processing in individuals with functional motor disorder (FMD). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with FMD were ... -
Eye-movement strategies in developmental prosopagnosia and "super" face recognition.
(2017-02)Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a cognitive condition characterized by a severe deficit in face recognition. Few investigations have examined whether impairments at the early stages of processing may underpin the ... -
The eyes anticipate where objects will move based on their shape.
(2023-09-11)Imagine staring into a clear river, starving, desperately searching for a fish to spear and cook. You see a dark shape lurking beneath the surface. It doesn't resemble any sort of fish you've encountered before - but you're ... -
Forgetting emotional material in working memory
(Oxford University Press, 2017-12-20)Proactive interference (PI) is the tendency for information learned earlier to interfere with more recently learned information. In the present study, we induced PI by presenting items from the same category over several ...