Browsing Psychology by Subject "Adult"
Now showing items 1-20 of 24
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Attention modulates trans-saccadic integration.
(2018-01)With every saccade, humans must reconcile the low resolution peripheral information available before a saccade, with the high resolution foveal information acquired after the saccade. While research has shown that we are ... -
Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder.
(Wiley, 2022-05-10)BACKGROUND: Computational research had determined that adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display heightened action updating in response to noise in the environment and neglect metacognitive information (such ... -
Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference.
(eLife, 2021-12-09)Dopamine is implicated in representing model-free (MF) reward prediction errors a as well as influencing model-based (MB) credit assignment and choice. Putative cooperative interactions between MB and MF systems include a ... -
Efficiency and prioritization of inference-based credit assignment.
(Elsevier, 2021-07-12)Organisms adapt to their environments by learning to approach states that predict rewards and avoid states associated with punishments. Knowledge about the affective value of states often relies on credit assignment (CA), ... -
Exploration heuristics decrease during youth.
(Springer Nature, 2022-10)Deciding between exploring new avenues and exploiting known choices is central to learning, and this exploration-exploitation trade-off changes during development. Exploration is not a unitary concept, and humans deploy ... -
Exploring three levels of interoception in people with functional motor disorders.
(2021-05)INTRODUCTION: A three-level model of interoception has recently been defined. We aim to study the interoceptive processing in individuals with functional motor disorder (FMD). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with FMD were ... -
Forgetting emotional material in working memory
(Oxford University Press, 2017-12-20)Proactive interference (PI) is the tendency for information learned earlier to interfere with more recently learned information. In the present study, we induced PI by presenting items from the same category over several ... -
The hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex jointly represent task structure during memory-guided decision making
(Cell Press, 2021-11-30)The hippocampus, well known for its role in episodic memory, might also be an important brain region for extracting structure from our experiences in order to guide future decisions. Recent evidence in rodents suggests ... -
Human complex exploration strategies are enriched by noradrenaline-modulated heuristics.
(eLife, 2021-01-04)An exploration-exploitation trade-off, the arbitration between sampling a lesser-known against a known rich option, is thought to be solved using computationally demanding exploration algorithms. Given known limitations ... -
Human subjects exploit a cognitive map for credit assignment.
(PNAS, 2021-01-26)An influential reinforcement learning framework proposes that behavior is jointly governed by model-free (MF) and model-based (MB) controllers. The former learns the values of actions directly from past encounters, and the ... -
Humans represent the precision and utility of information acquired across fixations.
(2022-02-14)Our environment contains an abundance of objects which humans interact with daily, gathering visual information using sequences of eye-movements to choose which object is best-suited for a particular task. This process is ... -
An in-depth cognitive examination of individuals with superior face recognition skills.
(2016-09)Previous work has reported the existence of "super-recognisers" (SRs), or individuals with extraordinary face recognition skills. However, the precise underpinnings of this ability have not yet been investigated. In this ... -
Mapping the differential impact of spontaneous and conversational laughter on brain and mind: an fMRI study in autism.
(Oxford University Press, 2024-05-16)Spontaneous and conversational laughter are important socio-emotional communicative signals. Neuroimaging findings suggest that non-autistic people engage in mentalizing to understand the meaning behind conversational ... -
The movement advantage in famous and unfamiliar faces: a comparison of point-light displays and shape-normalised avatar stimuli.
(2013)Facial movement may provide cues to identity, by supporting the extraction of face shape information via structure-from-motion, or via characteristic patterns of movement. Currently, it is unclear whether familiar and ... -
Older and younger adults' accuracy in discerning health and competence in older and younger faces.
(2014-09)We examined older and younger adults' accuracy judging the health and competence of faces. Accuracy differed significantly from chance and varied with face age but not rater age. Health ratings were more accurate for older ... -
Optimal trans-saccadic integration relies on visual working memory.
(2018-12)Saccadic eye movements alter the visual processing of objects of interest by bringing them from the periphery, where there is only low-resolution vision, to the high-resolution fovea. Evidence suggests that people are able ... -
Patient navigation to improve breast cancer screening in Bosnian refugees and immigrants.
(Springer, 2011-10-19)Refugee women have low breast cancer screening rates. This study highlights the culturally competent implementation and reports the outcomes of a breast cancer screening patient navigation program for refuge/immigrant women ... -
Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances behavioral and EEG markers of proactive control.
(2019)This study examined the effects of stimulation targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on behavioral and neural oscillatory markers of proactive cognitive control in healthy adults. We hypothesized that active ... -
The profile of attention differs between locations orthogonal to and in line with reach direction.
(2017-11)People make movements in a variety of directions when interacting with the world around them. It has been well documented that attention shifts to the goal of an upcoming movement, whether the movement is a saccade or a ... -
The spatial and temporal properties of attentional selectivity for saccades and reaches.
(2019-08-01)The preparation and execution of saccades and goal-directed movements elicits an accompanying shift in attention at the locus of the impending movement. However, some key aspects of the spatiotemporal profile of this ...