Browsing by Subject "Cognition"
Now showing items 1-20 of 32
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Adaptation of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning for use among infants aged 5- to 24-months in rural Gambia.
(Wiley, 2019-02-09)Infants in low-resource settings are at heightened risk for compromised cognitive development due to a multitude of environmental insults in their surroundings. However, the onset of adverse outcomes and trajectory of ... -
The CogBIAS longitudinal study protocol: cognitive and genetic factors influencing psychological functioning in adolescence.
(2017-12-29)BACKGROUND: Optimal psychological development is dependent upon a complex interplay between individual and situational factors. Investigating the development of these factors in adolescence will help to improve understanding ... -
Cognitive trajectories from infancy to early adulthood following birth before 26 weeks of gestation: a prospective, population-based cohort study.
(2018-04)OBJECTIVE: To determine the trajectory of cognitive test scores from infancy to adulthood in individuals born extremely preterm compared with term-born individuals. DESIGN: A prospective, population-based cohort study. ... -
Compulsory psychiatric treatment checklist: Instrument development and clinical application.
(2017-09)Instruments designed to evaluate the necessity of compulsory psychiatric treatment (CPT) are scarce to non-existent. We developed a 25-item Checklist (scoring 0 to 50) with four clusters (Legal, Danger, Historic and ... -
Cross Sectional Associations between Socio-Demographic Factors and Cognitive Performance in an Older British Population: The European Investigation of Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Study.
(2016)BACKGROUND: Cognition covers a range of abilities, such as memory, response time and language, with tests assessing either specific or generic aspects. However differences between measures may be observed within the same ... -
The effect of a supplementary ('Gist-based') information leaflet on colorectal cancer knowledge and screening intention: a randomized controlled trial.
(2015-04)Guided by Fuzzy Trace Theory, this study examined the impact of a 'Gist-based' leaflet on colorectal cancer screening knowledge and intentions; and tested the interaction with participants' numerical ability. Adults aged ... -
The effect of life course socioeconomic position on crystallised cognitive ability in two large UK cohort studies: a structured modelling approach.
(2017-06-02)OBJECTIVES: This study systematically compared accumulation, sensitive period, critical period and social mobility models relating life course socioeconomic position (SEP) and adult crystallised cognitive ability, which ... -
Efficacy of maternal B12 supplementation in vegetarian women for improving infant neurodevelopment: protocol for the MATCOBIND multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2020-05-25)INTRODUCTION: Vitamin B12 deficiency is widely prevalent across many low- and middle-income countries, especially where the diet is low in animal sources. While many observational studies show associations between B12 ... -
Efficiency and prioritization of inference-based credit assignment.
(Elsevier, 2021-07-12)Organisms adapt to their environments by learning to approach states that predict rewards and avoid states associated with punishments. Knowledge about the affective value of states often relies on credit assignment (CA), ... -
Exploring Human Cognition Using Large Image Databases.
(2016-07)Most cognitive psychology experiments evaluate models of human cognition using a relatively small, well-controlled set of stimuli. This approach stands in contrast to current work in neuroscience, perception, and computer ... -
Exploring the Interplay Between Message Format, Need for Cognition and Personal Relevance on Processing Messages About Physical Activity: a Two-Arm Randomized Experimental Trial.
(2023-06)BACKGROUND: According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, persuasion can occur via two different routes (the central route and peripheral route), with the route utilized dependent on factors associated with motivation and ... -
Generality and specificity in the effects of musical expertise on perception and cognition.
(2015-04)Performing musicians invest thousands of hours becoming experts in a range of perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. The duration and intensity of musicians' training - far greater than that of most educational or ... -
Health Effects of Noise Exposure in Children.
(2015-06)Environmental noise exposure, such as road traffic noise and aircraft noise, is associated with a range of health outcomes in children. Children demonstrate annoyance responses to noise, and noise is also related to lower ... -
Health literacy, cognitive function, proper use, and adherence to inhaled asthma controller medications among older adults with asthma.
(2015-05)BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the degree to which cognitive skills explain associations between health literacy and asthma-related medication use among older adults with asthma. METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 60 years ... -
Human subjects exploit a cognitive map for credit assignment.
(PNAS, 2021-01-26)An influential reinforcement learning framework proposes that behavior is jointly governed by model-free (MF) and model-based (MB) controllers. The former learns the values of actions directly from past encounters, and the ... -
An in-depth cognitive examination of individuals with superior face recognition skills.
(2016-09)Previous work has reported the existence of "super-recognisers" (SRs), or individuals with extraordinary face recognition skills. However, the precise underpinnings of this ability have not yet been investigated. In this ...