Noise figure of electromagnetic systems with parity and time-reversal symmetry

Abstract

The primary bottlenecks in designing and implementing PT-symmetric systems at microwave frequency ranges are noise and instability which can weakly break PT-symmetry resulting in system performance degradation. Practical implementation of such systems and devices require significant level of control and stability and it is crucial to analyze the noise performance of such systems in terms of noise figure and signal-to-noise ratio. We describe and develop a simulation model to calculate noise figure of PT-symmetric system and evaluate the performance degradation. We also discuss application design and circuit configurations that could reduce the noise figure resulting in better performance.