dc.contributor.author | Lanzer, Bruno Nogueira | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-04-04T15:55:10Z | |
dc.date.available | 2018-04-04T15:55:10Z | |
dc.date.issued | 23/02/2018 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2018-04-04T15:32:45.057Z | |
dc.identifier.citation | Lanzer, B.N. 2018. Empirical Essays on Political Economy and Inequality. Queen Mary University of London | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/36227 | |
dc.description | PhD | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The rst chapter uses a unique dataset on Brazilian party members and variation
from mayoral elections to examine the determinants of party membership in Brazil.
It starts by examining the effect of winning office on the membership of political
parties at the local level. The effect of interest is identi ed using a differences-indifferences approach that compares changes in membership of parties that assume
office with changes in membership of all other political parties registered in a
municipality. The results indicate that winning office increases the membership of
the party of the mayor by 0:5%. In addition, political alignment with higher levels
of government has a signifi cant effect on the membership of the mayoral candidate
party. Finally, the paper documents that party switching is one of the drivers of
the estimated increase in membership. The paper offers evidence in favor of the
hypothesis that party membership is driven by opportunistic motives in addition
to ideology.
The second chapter combines data on the universe of recipients of the Bolsa
Famlia program from 2005 to 2015 with data on party membership to investigate
the returns to political loyalty. Speci cally, it uses variation from mayoral
elections to investigate whether members of political parties that assume office at
the local level are more likely to receive social transfers. Regression results from
an IV estimation show that indeed members of the party that gained access to
municipal government are signifi cantly more likely to receive the benefi t. Additionally,
it finds no evidence that members of parties that did not win office are
more likely to lose the benefi t as a result of the electoral defeat. This chapter
offers direct evidence of material rewards to party membership.
The last chapter focuses on the impact of pay transparency on earnings inequality
in the Brazilian public sector. Differences-in-differences estimates show that the
disclosure of wages reduced the 90/50 decile wage gap across municipalities located
in states that adopted wage transparency in comparison to those located in states
that did not adopt the policy. There is also no evidence that earnings decile gaps
below the median were affected by the salary transparency policy, which indicates
that the effect of disclosure in the public sector was mainly concentrated at the
upper tail of the log earnings distribution. Finally, evidence presented suggests
that the effect on inequality compression is the result of lower returns to top
paid occupations rather than changes in employment. The paper suggests that at
the margin, top paid public sector employees are insensitive to changes in their
earnings, indicating that there are rents that accrue to holding these positions. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | School of Economics and Finance of Queen Mary
University of London | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | Queen Mary University of London | |
dc.subject | Biology | en_US |
dc.subject | arthropods | en_US |
dc.subject | Body size | en_US |
dc.title | Empirical Essays on Political Economy and Inequality | en_US |
dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author | |