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Human complex exploration strategies are enriched by noradrenaline-modulated heuristics.
(eLife, 2021-01-04)
An exploration-exploitation trade-off, the arbitration between sampling a lesser-known against a known rich option, is thought to be solved using computationally demanding exploration algorithms. Given known limitations ...
Age stratified, matched comparison of unicompartmental and total knee replacement.
(2020-10)
BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) tends to provide better function but has a higher revision rate than total knee replacement (TKR). The aim was to determine if this occurred in all age groups. METHODS: ...
Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference.
(eLife, 2021-12-09)
Dopamine is implicated in representing model-free (MF) reward prediction errors a as well as influencing model-based (MB) credit assignment and choice. Putative cooperative interactions between MB and MF systems include a ...
The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier, 2021-12-03)
BACKGROUND: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. ...
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier, 2021-05-27)
BACKGROUND: Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use have had less attention from the global health community than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in many parts of the world and has ...
Optimal age and outcome measures for Alzheimer's disease prevention trials in people with Down syndrome
(Wiley Open Access, 2020-11-23)
INTRODUCTION: People with Down syndrome (DS) typically develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology before age 40, but a lack of outcome measures and longitudinal data have impeded their inclusion in randomized controlled ...
Comparison of Whiskbroom and Pushbroom darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopic imaging for head and neck cancer identification in a mouse model
(Springer, 2021-11-19)
The early detection of head and neck cancer is a prolonged challenging task. It requires a precise and accurate identification of tissue alterations as well as a distinct discrimination of cancerous from healthy tissue ...
Subnational mapping of under-5 and neonatal mortality trends in India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2000-17
(Elsevier, 2020-05-12)
BACKGROUND: India has made substantial progress in improving child survival over the past few decades, but a comprehensive understanding of child mortality trends at disaggregated geographical levels is not available. We ...
Use of Betel Quid in India from 2009 to 2017: An Epidemiological Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS).
(2020)
Background: Betel quid chewing is a deep-rooted practice in India and neighboring countries, which has migrated to other parts of the world. Betel leaf acts as a carrier for areca nut and most often, smokeless tobacco, ...
A recessive S174X mutation in Optineurin causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a loss of function via allele-specific nonsense-mediated decay
(Elsevier, 2021-06-04)
Loss of function (LoF) mutations in Optineurin can cause recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with some heterozygous LoF mutations associated with dominant ALS. The molecular mechanisms underlying the variable ...